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History of hours key dates Time dictionary Interesting facts about the clock     www.clock-history.com     Essays on the history of watch cases   Clock - Controls If you ask the question, what is the regulator, the master of time, probably, will think about the thermometer on the bridge balance, the collector of hours - on the old floor clock, a man with a picture of Swiss watches, hlopnuv ourselves on the forehead, think about the unusual wristwatch with single-clockwise. Try to clarify this issue. First there were controls in the observatory. These clock clock astronomical observations. Their accuracy was very high, but the error was a fraction of a second per day. Subsequently, regulators began to be called the so-called master clock by which time check in the other hours in the cities or in the rich estates. Hours regulators are mentioned in the literature since the early 18 th century. One of the first regulators, survived to the present day can be rightly called a clock time of Louis XV with the function of the equation vremeni1 created by Julien Le Roy (Julien Le Roy 1686 - 1759 gg.) In 1736. This floor regulator (regulateur de parquet) is mentioned in the famous encyclopedia of Diderot in the article «The equation of time» (Equation of Time), written by the Le Roy. In this article, it is clear that to achieve precision, a mechanism must be at least a few wheels, which reduce the mechanical errors to an absolute minimum. Watches were made more on the traditional pattern (central hours, minutes and seconds). Time designations were made in the form of Roman numerals and minute - in the form of Arab. In addition, «6 hours» was a window to display the days, months, and the difference in time in minutes. Hours applied anchor descend Gragama. Case continued to master his son Pierre Le Roy (Pierre Le Roy 1717-1785 gg.). He made an enormous contribution to the development of high-precision marine chronometers, and regulators. By the end of 18 century, the first precision pendulum astronomical clock with a special face, once and for all outstanding governors of the remaining hours. To eliminate the influence of time on the minute wheel tribes in those hours has been split display hours and minutes. Moreover, in these hours the hour hand does not obscure the seconds for several hours a day (apparently it was important for the measurements). Since then, regulators called the special exact clock with a complex system of setting the pendulum, and made (usually up) clockwise. In the 19 century, there have been many floor-leveling, high-precision clock speed. Most of them have committed anchor descend Gragama, as well as mercury compensated pendulum with temperature (up to this as a long part of the pendulum is often used a lattice of metal rods with different coefficients of thermal expansion). Subsequently, there were enormous clock with pendulum clock. In the early 20 th century regulators got electric circuits synchronized pendulum. But what appeared pocket (and then the wrist) regulators? The idea of the time the two central arrows born in the late 17 th century. After the invention in 1675, Christian Huygens carrying small hours began to spiral in times accurately. Then at the time the clock face began to appear minute hand. But in those days, many objections raised about the «excessive» central arrows. This has spurred watchmakers to invent an alternative to the central arrow. It came back again the oldest idea of rotating the dial. At the top of the clock face has been cut a window in the form of semicircle. After it was visible disk (instead of clockwise), divided in half for the day and night. The sun or the moon, moving in the window, showing the clock. Minutes to display a normal arrow. Then there were the first watch made in the clockwise direction. So the clock Larkuma Kendall (Larcum Kendall) minute hand has been at the center or top, and face time and the second arrows located at one level below. The most early models have survived to our days, you can also include a pocket chronometer Auha Jacob (Jacob Auch), a German clock master (1765 - 1842 gg.), Established in about 1800. The hour hand is traditionally the top. Next to it there is a hole to plant a key hours. Also, there are second hand in the situation of «6 hours». Watches are a few innovations of those years, one of which is balance with bimetallic rim for the temperature error compensation approach. In 1812, Abraham-Louis Breguet produced its first pocket watch with a single clockwise. It should be noted that the clock had not yet identified regulators. It has been many years since such a construction hours are linked to the design of floor-leveling. Often there are disputes about the unusual design of clock with separate arrows. Some believe that this arrangement of arrows is reduced accuracy of the watch, while others believe that the complexity of the mechanism watches leads to a reduction of its reliability.